Rabindranath was born at the age imperialism when British Empire at its top. Economically, it was at the age when capitalism is going to turn into monopoly capitalism and India became under the direct rule of British crown since 1958.
Nationally, it was at the golden age in Bengal. At this time , Cacutta University was established, Debendranath was promoting Brahmo religion, the movement against widow marriage and introducing female education was launched by Ishwar Chandra, vehement protest focused in "Hindu Patriot" against the oppression of Indigo cultivators, santal rebillion. In literature, demise of Ishwar Gupta, arrival of Michael Madhusudan, Dinobandhu Mitra, Bankim Chandra etc. Establishment of magazine namely "Somprakash" and national drama organisation. All the steps and movements led to the modernization of Bengal society. Rabindranath came to the Bengal at the dawn . Moreover, the foundation stone of organised freedom struggle of India was laid through the formation of Hindu Mela.Hindu Mela was a socio-cultural organisation aimed at reviving the glory of Indian civilisation, mobilise the Hindus, especially the youth, and to cultivate the national language and ideas, so as to fight the cultural colonisation of British. This organisation was mainly supported by several members of the Tagore family, Rajnarayan Basu and Nabagopal Mitra (the editor of the National paper).
In April 1867, on the day of the Chaitra Sankranti (the last day of the Bengali year) the Hindu Mela was established. A formal committee was set up on the first day of the Mela of which Ganendranath Tagore became the first secretary and Nabagopal Mitra the chief organiser. An exhibition was arranged on the occasion with National art-work, 
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