Creativity of Rabindranath (1896-97)

Rabindranath wrote 3 poems in Baishakh, 1896, included in "Chaitali"
1.anabrishti, 2. Ajnata Viswa, 3. Bhayer Durasha.
The poetry "Anabristi" faced severe criticism. After publishing the poem in Chaitali Hemendra Prasad Ghosh [1876-1962] read an essay titled "Rabindrababur Chitali " on 10 Dec 1897 in Calcutta University Institute . The essay was published in "Dasi" Dec 1897. He wrote in this essay about the poem "Anabrishti" , " if one likes to become a national poet , he is to be sympathetic about joys and sorrows of the nation. I cannot say anything if a poet of the country can write a poem like "Anabrishti" when agricultural products is rare due  to drought and lacs of people lost their lives. " Ramanimohan Ghosh opposes the essay "criticism on Chaitali" .
14Baishakh [25 April]Nalini Debi,daughter of Dwipendranath was married with Dr. Surhitnath Choudhury, youngest brother of Ashutosh Choudhury. On this occasion Rabindranath created a song on 13 Baishakh with raag Iman Bhupali in kaoali taal. "Ujjala karahe aaji ananda rati". No music composition available .
Biographer of Rabindranath wrote, " Rabindranath is going to Orissa from North Bengal for zamindary work Rabindranath replies that he carries many books while he is on journey.Among these books carries Sanskrit Budhist Literature of Nepal by Rajendralal Mitra. Following "Mahabastu Abadan" of this book Rabindranath wrote Malini Kabya . While staying in Patisar-Sajadpur-Silaidah during Chaitra of 1302 to Baishakh of 1303 in 20 days  he wrote 53 poems.
This series started with the sonnet Prachin Bharat written on 1 Shraban [15 July]
The poems written in 1 and 3 Shraban was probably  in Silaidah. Nadi Yatra was written while going to Sajadpur in boat. Apart from this he wrote
Mrityumadhuri, Smriti, and Bilay - all the poems are full of thoughts of death.
From 10th Shraban to 15th Shraban in 6 days Rabindranath wrote 17 songs.
Rabindranath said about the poem Oisharya, " our zamandary was at a bad state. .." The poems are written on that basis.  The first two text books  in Sanskrit were written by Rabindranath on 18th Aug.

Rabindranath founded a school in Jorasanko for educating children. It was situated in the  Baitakkhana of Gsganendranath. As there was no demand for writings from any magazine, he required on writing on prose. After writing the last poem of Chaitali in 29 July , the flow of writing Kabyas was also stopped.At this time  he created some Brahmma Sangeet.

ke jay amritadhama yatri

The song was created on the occasion of  63rd death anniversary of Rsmmohan Roy. The condolence meeting was held on 27th sept in City College Hall situated on Mirzapur street. The meeting was presided by Piarymohan Mukhopadhyay. The first speaker was Hirendranath Datta.After the deliberations of Kalibar Badantabagis, Dinanth Gangopadhyay Rasamay Bandyopadhyay , Rabindranath delivered his lecture. He spoke for about an hourand all the while kept the whole audience spell boundby that marvellous power of his oratorywhich has made him the idol of Young Bengal.

The essay on Rammohan Roy written by  Rabindranath was published in Bharati, Kartik issue.

Sandhya Sangeet, Pravat Sangeet, Chabi O Gaan, Bhanu singha Thakurer Padabali, Karhi O Komal,Manasi, sonar tari and Chitra etc each one was edited.

Wide additions and alterations were made in Raja O Rani, Bisarjan,Chitrangada etc 

In the edition of the Collections of Essays Rabindranath wrote in introduction of Malini, " the source of Malini drama is a dream. "While I was staying in London in 1890 in the house of Tarak Nath Palit at Primroj Hill, I was in a deep sleep and  had a dream . I saw a drama  being staged before me. The subject was a conspiracy of a revolution . One of the friends of two disclosed about the revolution to the King. He thought it to be his duty. The revolutionary after being arrested was  brought to the king. he was asked his last will before his death. According to his will  his friend was brought before  him. He then stroke the chains of his both hand on the head of his friend who fell on the ground."

This story was used at the end of the drama. But he collected the main theme from the Budhist literature Malinabastu.

Rabindranath attempted to collect rhymes for children,fairy tells,Bratakatha etc. In this aspect , he was helped by others. He made Aghorenath Chattopadhyay, employee of Santiniketan, to comply Ramdurga, Purnimar Brata, Dashputtal  brata,Haricharan Brata, under the headline Meyelee Brata, Sanjpujani, Mangalcchandir  Brata to be published in Sadhana. He made Dinendra Kumar  Roy of Krishnanagar to write Paushsankranti, Charhak Sangkranti, Charhak sangkranti, Bartalar Mela Palligramer Rathajatra etc in the form of essays.    

In the context of Durasha [Bharati1305 Baishakh issue, ], small story , Rabindranath said to Bipin Behari Gupta , "One day the queen of  Coochbehar told me in Darjeeling

let us create all at a time a story and it is you to start at first. I started a romantic story apart from our Bengali family and said , ok , I began to start,  a Hindusthani woman was weeping sitting in a deep fog." and I left after saying this. But it was found that there is none to continue and I had to do. this is the plot of Durasha.   

On 28 Dec 1896 , 12 th Session of Indian National Congress was held at Beadon Square, Calcutta, under the chairmanship of Rahmatullah Sayani  Rabindranath created a song on this occasion. " ayee Bhubanamanamohini "

Creativity of Rabindranath (1895-96)

19 Chaitra 1301 Pravat Kumar Mukhopadhyay wrote to Rabindranath ," A few days is over I translated 8 English poems into Bengali . In the new year and in the new morning I think to present these poems to you. Having received these at the beginning of Baishakh Rabindranath wrote in Sadhana - in this month's issue, Prema-panjika [ following Charles Kent's  written poem Love's Calender] Another translated poem "Esecchilo giyecche chalia" was published.
Rabindranath published in Sadhana, Jaishtha, 1301,
1.Thakurda , galpaguccha
2. Gupta ratnodhwar, lokasahitya
3. Jyotsna ratre, chitra
4. Alochana, sahitya,
5. Chabuk paripak
6. Grantha Samalochana, Nirjharini-written by Mrinlini
Sureshchandra Samajpati wrote about the story Thakurda ," There may not be any attraction in the story, but Kailas Choudhury, the dyeing man of the clan of zamindar of Nayanjor, full bloom."
Rabindranath started for Patisar on 11 May,1895 and wrote to Indira Debi on 1st Jun, "After man
y days I felt happy in the solitary boat. As if the solitary situation caress my face and body."
He again wrote her on 3rd Jun when it was raining cats and dogs, "
The subject of Grantha Samalochana of this issue was Nirjharini Kabya written by Mrinalini. Mrinalini was the daughter of Ladlimohan Ghosh. She aged about 13 was married with Raja Indra Chandra Singh of Paikpara who died within 2 years of  marriage. After his death she began to write poems. These poems are collected in a book form , Nirjharini. Rabidranath wrote in this context , " So long as the expression of personal sorrows and joys do not take  the form of universal and eternal
way , it is not able to gather sympathy from others in the context of literature. For this reason experienced persons generally avoid use of personal affairs in literature. The Kabya of Tennyson's  "In Memorium" was liked by all. It has not only expressed the bereavement of his friend , it has expressed in different tunes of the bereavement of any kind of separation of human being. Otherwise it would have been the bashfulness of the expression of personal bereavement. ".
Probably Rabindranath started for Patisar on 31 May 1895 and he wrote to Indira on 1 Jun, "I feel delighted after many days having come to my solitary boat. " He wrote on 3 rd Jun,  " It is raining heavily and I feel to write you in Poetry and not in prose. But the storm will end before I finish my writing in poem. The storm would not require any rhymes and rhythm to proceed. He was thinking of a plot and put it in black and white attentively on 6 th Jun, titled "Pratihingsa" which was published in Sadhana in Asharh issue. Rabindranath wrote in this issue,
1. Pratihingsa;
2. Dui bigha jami
3. Apurba Ramaayan
4. Alochana
5.England-e O Bharatbarse civil service exam.
6. Engraji bhasa Siksha
7. Grantha Samalochana
8. Krishnabehari Sen
"Alochana" was mostly a news form write up. The first elected member of British Parliament Dadabhai Nauraji moved a resolution of starting civil service exam. simultaneously in England and India.This motion was seconded by many signatories.

Rabindranath delivered a lecture, Bangla jatiya Sahitya,  in the annual session of Bangiya Sahitya Parishad. Joginimohan Chattopadhyay, Brother of Mohinimohan and son in law of Dwijendranath,  criticized heavily of Rabindranath's essay, which was published in "Sahitya", Jaishtya issue, titled "Bangla Bhasa O Jatiya Sahitya". Joginimohan said about the statement of Rabindranath ," if one teaches in Bengali , it is possible to become easily understandable...."

Rabindranath came back to Calcutta at the beginning of Shraban . He stayed for the whole month at Calcutta. On the occasion of 5th death anniversary of Vidyasagar Rabindranath read a long  essay titled "Vidyasagarcharit" at Emarald Theater on 28th July organised by Vidyasagar Library and Jhamapukur Club.

Rabindranath thought Vidyasagar as one of the greatest man in the modern age . He dedicated  this essay to this greatest person. In writing this essay he used  quotations vigorously from "Vidyasagarcharit" written by himself, "Vidyasagar jibancharit written by Shambhucharan  Vidyaratna and Vidyasagar written by Chandicharan Bandyopadhyay. There is great  difference in this biography with other biographies written by him. He ornamented this biography with foot notes containing dates of his life. This biography is rare in the history of biographies. 
Suresh Chandra Samajpati wrote in his monthly magazine ," this essay deserves no criticism  I only express my love and gratefulness.
The following writings of Rabindranath was published in Sadhana, Shraban issue;
1.Bhadratar Adarsha
2. Kshudita Pashan
3.Site O Basante
4.Alochana
5.Bhrama Swikar
6. Chiral Adhikar

Theophille Gautier [French Writer]

7. Engrejer Lokapratha
8. Engrejer swadoshbatsalya
9. Engrejer Lokalajja
10. Prachi O Pratichi.
The story Kshudita Pashan was taken from the translated form of 'A tale of the ragged Mountains written by Edger Allan Poe and  Le pied de La momie written by Lafeadio  Hearn . The title of the translated form is The Mummy's foot done by Lafeadio Hearn.Pratap The whole statement is expressed by Pratap Narayan Biswas. After searches it is found that the statement of Pratap Babu is not correct.
Though the flow of writings of lyrics of Rabindranath was stopped in the month of Kartik, after returning to Jorasanko he began writing of lyrics. From 16 Kartik to 29 Kartik , in this 14 days he wrote 9 songs;

1. E ki akulata Bhubane
2. Tumi rabe nirabe
3.Se ase dhire

9.ki ragini bajale hridaye

Creativity of Rabindranath (1894-95)

The sad Suicidal death of Kadambari  completed its tenth year in the Baishakh of this year [1894]. The role of this lady in  the life of Rabindranath is tremendous. After her death Jyotirindranath left living  Jorasanko for ever. As a result Rabindranath could occupy the room in the 2nd floor full of memory of Kadambari.

On 1st Baishakh [13th April] Rabindranath wrote a poem 'Nababarshe' published in Sadhana, Baishakh issue. After this  he wrote two poems Dusamay, Mritur Pare. both are written in Jorasanko.
In the manuscript of Sonar -Chitra it is written on the top of the poem Dusamay, "Late, Late,too late, thou canst not enter now" The lines are mixed with the memories of Kadambari.. In the manuscript of Mrityur Pare the title of the poem was Santi. Both the poems are full of pathetic memories of Kadambari Debi.

The tune of the song 'ohe jibana ballaba, ohe sadhanadurlava' written on 20th April 

is of Kirtan tune.This is to be noted that it is an attempt to make his mind peaceful.
A few days ago [30th March 1894] Rabindranath wrote Indira Debi a letter, "Where the heart breaks with a deep sorrow a source of consolation arises from that place.all the groups of patience begins to work its own work - then the power of tolerance increases by glory of sadness."
Before completion of his personal grief `he had to participate in national bereavement at the death of Bankim Chandra on 26 Chaitra 1300 [1893]. A condolence meeting was arranged in Star Theater on 16 Baisakh [28 April] organised by Chaitanya Library and Beadon Square Literary Club under the president ship of Dr. Gurudas Bandyopadhyay. About 1500 persons were present on the occasion. among others rabindranath delivered a lecture.

"Baro Bismay Lage.."

"Sundara Hridiranjana tumi"

After one month of writing "Mrityur Pare" Rabindranath wrote another poem,

Aji hote sabe daya kore

Bhule jao, ghre jao chale

Kario na more aparadhi

Majhkhane thamilam bale.

Ami chahi aji rajanite

Nirab nirjan,

Bhumitale ghumaye parite

Stabdha achetan.

It seems that as if this is spoken from the mouth of Kadambari Debi. 

After a few days flow of music appeared from the mouth of Rabindranath. 

He wrote many songs

1. Baro bismay lage heri tomare,

2. sundara hridiranjana tumi

2nd edition of raja o Rani was published.

After  few days Rabindranath wrote Pramatha Choudhry in Oxford,

"I send you 1st edition of my Short Stories, and 2nd edition of Raja O Rani....." 

Application of harmony in song is one of the important incident of Rabindranath. 

"Path hara tumi pathik jena go" included in and published in Sadhana, Asharh issue   was tuned by Jyotirindranath with a new fashion. He gave the Bengali version of "harmony" as "mishramil". This created an enthusiasm in Tagore-family. Sarala Debi has given the music notation of the song " sakatare oi kandiche sakale" written by Rabindranath. She gave Bengali form of harmony as "swara-milan". 

Biharilal Chakrabarty, Kabyaguru of Rabindranath , died on 24th May 1894 at the age of sixty.After the death of Bankimchandra Rabindranath wrote an essay on him. After the death of Biharilal Chakrabarty he also wrote an essay on him . Bhudev Mukhopadhyay was also an eminent Bengali. But Rabindranath did not write any essay on him. The issue was raised at the meeting of Prof. Bipin Behari Gupta with Rabindranath on 28th Sept 1894. At the query of Bipin behari Babu Rabindranath gave an word to write a similar essay on him. But that did not materialized.

Probably Rabindranath went to Silaidah on 21 June,1894.He wrote Pramatha Choudhury a few days ago i.e. 16June. " I am starting for Silaidah immediately.I had to pass alone in boat in this rainy season.Some books and a few Khatas will accompany me.. "

He wrote Indira Debi  on 24th june, " I have come here just four days ago. I think that I have come here for  long time ........"

26th Jun describing the river on rainy season [for cutting paddy, the cultivators wearing Toka and covering their body with clothes made of jute are crossing the river, reminds us the comments of Dwijendranath on Sonar Tari] he wrote , " Since I don't have any work at present I ,looking at the river,  was singing in a low voice a classical tune mixed with Bhairabi,Todi and Ramkeli a morning tune. ..." 

Last year in the month of Asharh Rabindranath wrote a letter to his wife, " there is no expenses in writing poems if we do not want to print it. He had to  borrow money this year for printing books.I received a letter from the house of Dickince along with a reminder.Again I have to approach to Satya. I had loan of Rs 900/- from him. After returning to Kokata he rrepaid Rs.  293/-. 

While living alone in Silaidah Rabindranath gradually became confined in solitude permanently.But he became restless when some guests came to his place.

Rabindranath wrote , "Alas, the demise of your French gave me a rude shock. An honest, poor fellow died in a foreign country."He was a Swidish named Karl Erich Hammergrain His cremation  was done   in Nimtolla in Hindu rituals.

The Statesman published the news on 5th July 1894;

 Cremation of an European by Hindus

For the first time in the history of Calcutta , it is believed , a European has been cremated at Nimtolla-ghat , in the Hindoo fashion. On Tuesday , the Brahmos consigned to the flames , according to Brahmo rites , the body of the Karl Hammergren , a Swedish gentleman , and a  member of their body .the deceased came out to this country. in july last , to study more closely the history and and principles of the Brahmo Samaj, which he had joined in Sweden. he was a highly educated man , a master of many languages and was becoming eminently useful to his church by infusing into it a spirit of high culture. He was cremated at his own wish.."

It is known from The Indian Messenger on 7th July his Shraddha Ceremony was performed in Dr. Mohinimohan Basu's house at 61/1 Rajabazar Street.Dr. Basu donated Rs. 100/- to the foundation of  Rammoan Library . 

Hammergren received Nobel Prize after may days. Rabindranath talks of him at his lecture delivered in Sock Home on 24th May 1921. 

While going to Sajadpur on 7th July 1894 through Ichamati Rabindranath read translated form of The Jew by Josef Igancy kraszewski [ transl

ated by L.Kowalewska, 1893].

At this time he read another foreign book.That is a book, Eyes like sea[ translated by R. Nisbet Bain] written by a Hungarian writer Maurus Jokai, 1825-1904

4th Asharh Rabindranath was elected as a Vice-President of Bangiya Sahitya Parishad. He first  took his responsibility of the Parishad at the third Monthly  Meeting of bangiya Sahitya Parished at the house of Benoy Krishna Deb at Grey Street at 5 p,m. A discussion was held after reading a letter written by Rajani Kanta Gupta  on Bengali form of different foreign  words. A committee of the following persons  Krishnakamal Bhattacharya (President of the committee, Rabindranath, Ramendra Sundar Tribedi,Sharada Ranjan Roy, Gurudas Badyopadhyay, Bipin Behari Gupta, Rajani Kanta Gupta and Debendranath Mukhopadhyay (secretary of the committee. )

Pravat Kumar Mukhopadhyay wrote, "Khsmkheyali Sava" sits occasionally in the house of Jorasanko. ... After the proposal of Rabindranath a club namely "Kheali Sava" was formed. .. Rabindranath wrote the invitation letter on a slate. A sample of  the letter is mentioned here - This Sava was clled on 13th Shraban, Saturday (28th July 1894.)

In Shraban 1301 issue of Sadhana the following articles were published,

1. Raja O Praja

2. Sahityer Gaurav,

3. Bideshiya Atithi Ebng Deshuya Atithi,

4. Anadhikaar Prabesh.

Raja O Praja is  a political essay. Civiliyan Radice tortured a Zamindar of Orissa violating the laws. Lt. Governor Macdonald downgraded his status for one yesar. Rabindranath wrote an essay following this incident.

Having reached Calcutta Rabindranath joined the 4th monthly meeting of Bangiya Sahitya Parishad held on 26 Aug, 1894. In the last meeting Dramatist Manmohan Basu proposed " As in the case of Sanskrit , Bengali should be introduced as a subject  in University."   

Rabindranath returned to Kolkata on 29th Sept from his zamindary. At this time a criticism of short stories of Rabindranath done by Jadunath Sarkar in a  bi-lingual magazine , Surhid. His criticism "The new Leaven in Bengal " came to the notice of Rabindranath  He sent the criticism to Indira Debi and wrote , "The man has some originality in his false statement. He says ill of my poetry and picks up my short stories to the high above. On the other hand there are persons who thinks in the opposite direction. Sitting in the middle of the situation I am waiting astonishingly . ..."

Rabindranath read an essay, titled "Meyeli Chara" in the evening at 37th session of Chaitanya Library and  Beadon square Literary Club held at Minerva Theater under the chairmanship of Gurudas Bandyopadhyay.

The statement was published in "The Indian Mirror" on 3rd Oct.

"Meyeli Chara" was published in Sadhana in Ashwin-Kartick issue. 

Creativity of Rabindranath (1893-94)

Indira Debi was at Agra with her parents enroute Simla.Rabindranath sent her a poem "Samudrer Prati" on 16 April and wrote, " when you will be reading this  poem, resting in the hotel of Agra it will be difficult to assume how you will appreciate  this. ..."
After a few days 2nd edition of his collection of "ganer bahi O Balmiki Prativa" was published on 8 Baishakh [20 April]. His collection of songs was first published as Rabichchaya in Baishakh 1292.

Bharati and Balak waas renamed as Bharati from Baishakh 1300. In this issue 4 songs of Rabindranath taken from 2nd scene of "Mahila shilpamalay Abhinita" Bibaha Utsab. 
2nd edition of "Manasi" kabyagrantha was published on 14 june 1893. When 1st edition of Manasi was published, Debaprasanna Roychoudhury wrote a fine criticism of the Kbyagrantha. After 2nd edition being published two wonderful criticisms were published. The first one was published in Sahitya patrika , Priya nath Basu, an intimate friend of Rabindranath.Having read the criticism Nityakrishna Basu wrote in his diary, " Such criticism I have never read. This is an expression from a devotee from his core of heart....". The 2nd one was  written in English published in National Magazine of May 1894 issue written by Atulya Chandra Ghosh. He wrote, "Babu Rabindranath , the best lyric poet of modern Bengal...."     
Rabindranath wrote in "Samayik Sarsangraha" after many days. He was reading and thinking on Socialism for some days. An article , "Paribarashram" , was published in the magazine Fortnightly Review. Rabindranath painted a real picture , Udayaster Chandrasurja, about this. Comparing with Karhi O Komal, Sonar Tari,  Atulya Chandra Ghosh said, "We may assert that Manasi is the grandest effort." "Raja Rani" excepted, of the author's genius'. Criticising  the attitude of Rabindranath towards east he praised out and out his love poems, "it is in the description of this passion that Rabindranath chiefly excels . From his earliest efforts down to his present perfect effusion - from the "Lajmayee" of Saishab Sangeet down to Bhule, Bhulbhanga, amar Sukh,of Manasi , his poems have traversed all phases of this master-passion with that fine, keen sensibility which is at once indicative of the highest sense of delicacy and the truest art; with a sublimity , pathos and depth which is  worthy of Petrarch or Alceaus, or, in our literature, of the Vaishnava poets."
Rabindranath was at Calcutta at the middle of Jaishtha. He wrote two poems, one 25th june - Hriday Jamuna, and the other on 29th june - Byartha Jouban.
Rabindranath read an essay, Meyeli Charhaon 1st Oct 1894 at Minerva Theatre on the  occasion of 37th anniversary of Chaitanya Library  and Beadon Square literary club presided over by Dr. Gurudas Bandyopadhyay.  The subject matter of the essay was his collection of Rhymes as that of Nursery Rhymes.

Rabindranath has given music tune to his two poems, Hriday Jamuna and Byartha Jouban and wrote two songs in the rainy season.10 July he wrote a letter to Indira Debi , "Have you got songs written recently.The music of the song 'baro bedanar mato ' is not to be sung in a light mood. These songs are to be sung in a lonely place. I have given the music notation to that song gradually in bath room. I am still singing the song always - today morning also I sung this song - while singing a deep sensation reveals in my mind. This is one of the dearest song to me. "Baro bedanar Mato"
The other song is "Hridayer ekul o kul ". It s to be noted that the tune of both the songs are that of Baishnab Padabali.
Rabindranath wrote two poems, Bhara Bhadare and Pratakhyan on the day he wrote the letter. Next day he wrote Lajja , a poem.
13th July Rabindranath wrote a letter to Indira Debi, "Now a days writing poems is like a secret forbidden pleasure.....".
Rabindranath requested Mrs P.K.Roy [Sarala Roy]to collect some fairy tales for him. It is not known how many tales she could collect but she wrote a lovely letter to Rabindranath on 23 July. Rabindranath  replied to this letter, " I have collected some Rhymes and 10 short stories.
Rabindranath had an aim of collecting fairy tales. But he could not do it. He greeted Dakshinaranjan Mitra Majumdar for writing Thakurmar Jhuli and wrote congratulating him, With a reference to this Abanindranath  wrote ," 'When Rabindranath was at Silaidah he wrote to me that he was collecting Rhymes and fairy tales here for children. You try to find some local and foreign fairy tales from Calcutta.' Our house was full of villagers. I collected many Rhymes and fairy tales from them. Rabikaka said after coming here - let me see your khata.. I was writing rhymes with picture.Rabikaka gave me a khata and said ,'this khata is full of fairy tales. Try to write some stories from these.' I wrote many stories from ' kshirer putul, chor chakrabarty, etc after finishing Sakuntala." He wrote in some other place, "he made to collect many fairy tales with the help of Kakima [his wife]Kakima wrote those tales in a KhataFrom that khata I collected Kshirer Putul from that khata.
Rabindranath wrote from Sajadpur a letter to Abanindranath without dates , " I got some more tales from you. .I feel lucky. I collected about eight Rhymes at this place from the Cashier of Sajadpur. I am requesting those whom I met..." He wrote Gaganendranath from Silaidah, "I am writing this letter to remind you about collectingRhymes - don't forget.
This shows his fascination in Rhymes and fairy tales.
Rabindranath wrote his longest poem "Puraskar" of 662 lines. Probably this is his longest poem.He wrote a letter without date to Mrinalini, "when I write poems on sea shore or on the waves of sea I forget about Bigha and Katha...." After writing this longest poem , he wrote Kach O Debjani. This was published in Sadhana in Magh issue. He the character Kach from Mahabharat. 


       

Creativity of Rabindranath (1892-93)

It is known from the letter of Indira Debi that Rabindranath came to Silaidah in the month of Chaitra of last year [1298]. Probably in the month of Baishakh Jnadanandini Debi, Indira Debi, Mrinalini Debi with her three children came to Silaidah.This information is obtained from few letters written to Rabindranath by Indira Debi. She wrote on 9 Jaishtha about Rathindranath , " I have seen that suddenly he asked without any reference , ' dad, there was river in Silaidah - is it true ?" After thinking a lot he said to his mother, 'Mama , we were fine at Silaidah. "  She wrote again on 21st July  ," now a days, the river is not in  that form . there was dam of one story height by the side of the river at that time , now that is not there. It has come down to one hand in size due to wear and tear. ..."
Rabindranath wrote , as usual, the heighest no. of Poems in Sadhana in Baishakh issue, 1299..

1. Bangla Sahityer prati Abajna,
2. Tyag,
3. railpather Dui Parshwe,
4. Sahitya,
5. Bimbabati
6. Hiner Kabita,
7. Samayik sahitya samalochana,
8. Nabyabharat   
The debate of sea voyage of Hindus raised a huge agitation in the then society. The essay "tyag" is a reflection of that.

Rabindranath translated 9 poems of Heinrich Heine from German which shows his know in German language.
The nature of men and women and their relations were one of the subject of discussion of Rabindranath. In his discussion the essay "Shikshita Nari" written by Krishnabhabini Das was included. Also letters written to Indira Debi at this time reflects this subject.He wrote two poems about this, 1. tomra O Amra", 2. "Sonar  tari"
On 17th Jaishtha [29 May] Rabindranath wrote another poem , "Sonar Bnadan". This is complementary to "Tomra O Amra".
18th Jaishtha he wrote a poem "Hing ting chat"of different test.
From a letter written to Indira Debi a list of writings of Rabindranath published on 16th Jaishtha [28 May] is as follows;
1. Adim Arya nibas,
2. Ekratri
3. Paris Haite London
4. Saisab Sandya
5. Smayik Sar Sangraya
6. Socialism
7. Pantha
8. Samauyik Sahitya Samalochana.
The essay Socialism was written in the line of the book written by Ernest BelfordBax.
In asharh issue Rabindranath wrote a poem "Sonar Bandhan" It is a Sonet
Rabindranath had deep attraction on Philology since his boyhood. In the magazine "Balak" in Asharh  1299 issue he wrote an essay "Banglar Uchcharan.

Creativity of Rabindranath (1891-92)

On 14 March 1891 , 18th session of Chaitanya Library and Bidden Square literary Club was held at General Assembly's Institution. It was presided over by Gurudas Bandyopadhyay. Rabindranath read the preface of his Europe Jatrir Diary. After one and half month the essay was published as Europe jatrir Diaryir Bhumika - Ist Volume. As per the catalog of Bengal Library it was published on 5th May 1891. It was dedicated in the name of his friend Lokendranath Palit.
A critical estimate of was published in the Falgoon issue of Nabyabharat." Rabindranath has written this book comparing the society of London with that of Bengal. He always writes His writings is always witty but this one is to some extent one sided......"
A new weekly "Hitabadi" was published in 17 Jaishtha [saturday, 30 May]. An advertisement was out in The Bengali paper where the name of the writers were published ; Ramesh Chandra Datta [only of literature], Kali Prasanna Ghosh, Rabindranath Thakur, Nagendranath Gupta, Mohinimohan Chattopadhyay, Dr. Jadunath Mukhopadhyay, Dr. Amulya Chandra Basu, Ashutosh Choudhury, Pandit Kalibar Bedantabagish O Swarnakum,ari Debi.
Krishna Kamal Bhattacharya became editor.Rabindranath Thakur was given the charge of editor in charge of Literature . The paper became flourished by the writings of Rabindranath.He wrote many short stories in this paper. "bhikharini", O "Ghater Katha" , Denapaona, Postmaster, Ginni, Rmkanier Nirbudita, Byabadhan, etc.                         
    The fact of printing "Postmaster" in Hitabadi Rabindranath wrote to Indira Debi, "Post office was then situated in our "Kuthibadi" in the ground floor.  I used to see him every day.. One day in the noon  sitting on the 1st floor I wrote this story "Postmaster" and when this story was published in Hitabadi, the Postmaster Babu laughed with his shyness. "
The story Postmaster is mixed with reality and imaginary. Many days after Rabindranath said in an Interview, "Then there was a postmaster. He used to come to me. He had been away from his place for a long time and he was longing to go back. He didn't like his surroundings. He thought he was forced to live among barbarians. And his desire to get leave was so intense that he even thought of resigning from his post." The reality of the story was this, the rest was  imaginary.
The story Ginni was written from his memory of childhood.
Once questions are raised about the reality of Rabindranath's writings. Its reflections are even heard even after that. Of course, there were enough obstacles of free mixing of Rabindranath with common people. Examples are seen in his childhood and boyhood days. Obstacles are not removed even after his later days.
On 25th Jun Rabindranath wrote, "In the afternoon I anchored my boat at its bank. I used to see Lots of boys  playing . But I could not feel happy with the presence of the group of infantry in charge of me remains with me day and night. .."
Some letters written to  Mrinalini at this time were published in the 1st part of Cchinnapatra.
  

creativity of Rabindranath (1890-91)

In the present year ,1890, Rabindranath wrote two songs, 1. Naba anande Jaago, 2. oi pohaqila timira raati on the occasion of 1st Baisakh.

On 14th Baishakh, Rabindranath read an essay, Mantri Avishek, in Emarald Theatre. The lecture was published in a book form. It was also published in Bharati and Balak, in Baishakh, 1890. The proposal on which Rabindranath delivered his lecture is, "That this meeting views with apprehension and alarm the introduction of Lord Cross's India Councils' Bill into the British Parliament and desires to record its firm connection that if this measure be passed into law in the present shape , it will create deep and widespread discount and injure the vital measures of the Indian nation."

Rabindranath started his lecture with the words,

" The subject I was intended to  refer here has covered a long distance - we are all in this opinion. Else it was impossible for me , a person  with non-business mentality, to cut through the complex field of politics and make a smooth lane through it."

No criticism was found of Bisarjan in  any of current news paper.Haraprasad Shastri, librarian of Bengal library wrote in his yearly reporting. " Bisarjan , by Rabindranath Tagore, is written with consummate art in this work the Babu dramatized the first few, that is, the best chapters of his well know novel , the Rajarsi;But plot of the drama is a great improvement upon that of the novel. "

Rabindranath was found in Santiniketan where he wrote, "Bhalo kore bale jao."    

Rabindranath started for Solapur on the way to England on 7th Aug 1890. This was his second journey to England. The first one was in 1878 when he had gone there for education. By this time relation between England and India took many changes qualitatively  by this time. 

While staying in Solapur Rabindranath wrote three poems. 

A kind of pathos have flown through three poems.A few months later Rabindranath wrote a letter to Pramatha Choudhury, "If one thinks deeply he will find that the portion of love affairs of Manasi is merely kabya. It is a big and fine game only. The main fact is , man does not know what he wants...." 

On 22Aug 1890, Rabindranath, Satyendranath and Lokendranath started for England in ship named "Shyam". Rabindranath became ill during this sea voyage. Before reaching in Rabindranath wrote a letter to Mrinalini describing his illness in the ship, " On Sunday night [24 Aug], I felt that my soul came out of my body and went to Jorasanko. You were lying in a big cot and Bely and Khoka lying by your side.I petted you a little and said , Choto Bou remeber that today on Sunday night I left my After going home I shall ask you whether you have seen me.The I kissed Bely and Khoka and returned back."

Rabindranath started for India on 9 Oct.

Last year in the month of Agrahayan and Magh Rabindranath visited north Bengal in their family estate at Silaidah and Sahajadpur situated in  Berhampore and Isabsahi parganas headquarter. This year in 1st Magh [13 Jan] he started for  their estate at Patisar situated in the head quarter of Kaligram Pargana.  Rabindranath went there by boat and reached there he wrote a letter to his wife describing the scenery enroute his journey.  " Today I reached Kaligramit took three days. Having reached here he received a letter from his daughter Madhurilata [ aged 4 years 3 months]. On receiving the letter he wrote , " I was thinking of going home after getting the letter from his sweet Belurani. She feels sad in my absence. She possesses a tiny soul. What will happen with that.I saw Khoka in my dream at night.I petted him taking in my lap." 

His fatherly affection has not been described much in his writings.

Having come to North Bengal this year he had close contact with this place. After coming from the gorgeous place like London to this high ambition less locality, his mind was eclipsed with joy.  

Rabindranath again wrote poetry on 10 Aug at Khirki.But it has different feelings.

In this situation Rabindranath wrote a prose piece, Nabyabanger Andolan.

Rabindranath again started for Silaidah with his wife , Mrinalini Debi, her one attendant, Bela, Rathindranath . Balendranath also accompanied them. They took shelter in a boat.  

This time Rabindranath has close contact with the nature of Bengal village.He also got close contact with the village people. This was reflected in his letters and "Chinnapatra".